North Korea Essays (7379 words) - Aftermath Of The Korean War

North Korea -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- North Korea: Policy Determinants, Alternative Outcomes, U.S. Policy Approaches (Rep. 93-612 F) Congressional Research Service, Report for Congress June 24, 1993 By Rinn-Sup Shinn, Analyst in Asian Affairs, Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division* SUMMARY North Korea is undergoing a wrenching phase of adjustment to an uncertain post-Soviet world. Its government is reined in by two major constraints: fear that any political or economic reform would have the same fatal consequence for itself as it had for the former Soviet Union and other erstwhile allies; and fear that the United States, South Korea, and other enemies would stop at nothing to overthrow the communist regime of the North. The United States has a major stake in the outcome of North Korea's effort to deal with its daunting task. The challenge in the North has become compelling as Pyongyang has come up far short of its core policy objectives: political self-preservation, undermining South Korea--and by extension, U.S. military presence in the South; and obtaining economic and security support from the outside world. Facing an obvious need to change, Pyongyang is caught in a dilemma about reform. In the wake of the Soviet collapse, a shaken Pyongyang reaffirmed its resolve t o defend a) its centrally planned, autarkic command economy; b) its monolithic, one-party system identified with the persona of Kim Il Sung, the great leader (and now with that of his son and de facto successor Kim Jong Il); and c) its policy of reunifying the two Koreas on Kim Il Sung's terms. The two Kims still talk as though time is on their side, and that they can outwait U.S. withdrawal from the South. Nonetheless, they seem to recognize that they need to end their self-enforced isolation, to say nothing of their unaccommodating foreign policy posture. A sense of urgency and a siege mentality are real and growing in Pyongyang. In particular, the North's economy, which it has long defined as the real underpinning of political stability and military preparedness, is shrinking by all objective criteria. Still worse, there is no immediate relief in sight. At the same time, Pyongyang is slipping further and further behind Seoul--a situation that has potentially unnerving security implications. Seeking economic help and greater international legitimacy, North Korea in recent years has sought to reconcile with South Korea by promising nonaggression, reciprocal cooperation, and denuclearization of the Korean peninsula. But the regime remains doctrinaire, self-centered, and committed to political control, and has repeatedly undercut its soft approaches by reneging on such promises. The United States has also received numerous promises from Pyongyang. A number of policy approaches may be considered by the United States: engagement aimed at inducing Pyongyang into the community of nations; military, economic, and political pressure to underscore U.S. concern for the stability on the Korean peninsula; and outwaiting--letting Pyongyang chart its own transition by refraining from action that can be reasonably perceived in Pyongyang as provocative and threatening, while avoiding any actions that would give legitimacy or assistance to the North Korean regime. INTRODUCTION North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea--DPRK) is a major foreign policy challenge to the United States because of its intractability as well as its threat to 37,000 U.S. troops in South Korea. Isolated and self-absorbed, its behavior is widely thought to be as irrational as it is unpredictable. The communist regime in Pyongyang regards the United States as its sworn enemy and the main obstacle to Korean reunification. It has denounced the United States for its forcible occupation and for allegedly turning South Korea into a forward military base from which to plot the collapse of North Korea or to launch a nuclear attack. Since the division of the Korean peninsula in 1945, North Korea has defined its self-preservation in terms of three policy priorities, or core interests: consolidating Kim Il Sung's power base, undermining South Korea to hasten U.S. withdrawal from the South, and securing maximal support from the former Soviet Union and China. These priorities were designed to assure the security of the Kim regime from domestic critics and against perceived threats from the United States and South Korea (Republic of Korea--ROK). Externally, Pyongyang has pursued anti-U.S. and anti-South Korean policies as interrelated and complementary approaches. Forcing the U.S. out of the

Three Types of Legitimate Authority †Max Weber

Three Types of Legitimate Authority – Max Weber Free Online Research Papers The three types of legitimate authority are concepts created by Max Weber, a German economist and sociologist. According to Weber, legitimacy of a system of domination contributes to the systems stability and authority. Weber defines three major types of legitimate authority: legal or rational, traditional, and charismatic. These three forms show how it is possible for some people to exercise power over others. Legal or rational authority is rooted in rules that have been legally established. In legal or rational authority, a system of legal rules are use to guide all members of the group. This practice is followed by all levels of the hierarchy from the superiors to the subordinate. The persons appointed at the top are elected into that position by following legal procedures and are expected to follow the legal rules to limit their power. These legal rules usually develop over time as the needs of the group change. This form of authority is most effective in modern corporate culture. The structure in place creates checks and balances amongst all levels so that one party does not venture off onto their own agenda. Policies are enacted to ensure that employees within the company adhere to methodologies created to guide that company’s performance and success. Western world government is much known for their use of legal or rational authority. Having a structure in place that is based on laws to govern all hierarchical levels ensures that members are adhering to a concise format of governing. Traditional authority is mainly based on traditions of the past. Groups under this structure feel that their guidance is based on the sanctity of age-old custom and influence. Unlike legal or rational authority, traditional authority is not governed by rules, but is usually inherited with historical ties. Traditional authority has existed around the world since the beginning of documented time. A modern-day form of this authority still exists in the UK, with the Queen of England appointed in top control. However, the governing powers have since moved to legal or rational authority. One could say that your typical traditional family encompasses traditional authority in that it is customary for the man of the house to provide the structure and guidance within that family. For many years, businesses have been comprised of leaders put into place by their Fathers, relatives or close friends. We tend to still see this traditional authority in smaller companies where there is little need for legal or rational authority. Charismatic authority is based on the idea that one is in a position of power due to his or her magnetism. That is, his or her charisma is a quality that is considered extraordinary. The collections of people that would consider this person to be their leader are at times called disciples or followers. These followers may consider their leader to be gifted with supernatural or superhuman powers or qualities. In reality, the true presence of these powers are irrelevant, it is the fact that the followers believe these qualities to be true is what is important. Devoted members are usually appointed into positions of power within this structure based on their own charisma and devotion to the person seen to be in charge. Jim Jones would be considered a leader with charismatic authority. In 1978 the members of the People’s Temple followed Jim Jones to their own demise in the belief that he held the key to their salvation. In corporations today, usually a person that exudes charisma becomes a leader that is easily elevated into top positions and followed with a high amount of respect. However, these charismatic executives are still expected to follow the legal or rational authority set in place by the company that they represent. Research Papers on Three Types of Legitimate Authority - Max WeberPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesBringing Democracy to AfricaCapital PunishmentOpen Architechture a white paperHip-Hop is ArtBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Project Managment Office System

My Career Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Career Plan - Essay Example The managerial position will enable me to gain the confidence needed so that I may be able to sharpen my skills in entrepreneurship and also consultancy. With proper experience and education, I will be able to maintain a successful business career in entrepreneurship which will require the understanding of the changing needs that affect the marketplace. I want to be able to come up with my own ideas on how to serve people better so that my services or goods add value to the customers (Ramsey, 150). The skills that I want to achieve will not only lead to the success of the business, but also to the success of me as an individual. Many people who are successful today have had challenges in one way or another, but they have managed to come on top of the business world by facing their fears and conquer them. Richard Branson and Bill Gates can be called entrepreneurs because they took the initiative to believe in themselves and now their businesses are flourishing globally. That is where I want to be headed as it is a one step in the right direction. They took their objectives, put them in place, managed themselves and ensured that their entrepreneurship skills paid off. Strategy to Achieve My Goals My first step is to get the ultimate satisfaction from my job and this means that I will progress much faster. There are people who complain about their jobs regarding many issues, but one thing they do not know is that it does not give them the lead way to achieving their goals and objectives (Ramsey, 278).... I want to have more responsibility and experience so that I can contribute to the success of the company and my employees. The managerial position will enable me to gain the confidence needed so that I may be able to sharpen my skills of entrepreneurship and also consultancy. With proper experience and education, I will be able to maintain a successful business career in entrepreneurship which will require the understanding of the changing needs that affect the marketplace. I want to be able to come up with my own ideas on how to serve people better so that my services or goods add value to the customers (Ramsey, 150). The skills that I want to achieve will not only lead to the success of the business, but also to the success of me as an individual. Many people who are successful today have had challenges in one way or another, but they have managed to come on top of the business world by facing their fears and conquer them. Richard Branson and Billy Gates can be called entrepreneurs because they took the initiative to believe in themselves and now their businesses are flourishing globally. That is where I want to be headed as it is a one step in the right direction. They took their objectives, put them in place, managed themselves and ensured that their entrepreneurship skills paid off. Strategy to Achieve My Goals My first step is to get the ultimate satisfaction from my job and this means that I will progress much faster. There are people who complain about their jobs regarding many issues, but one thing they do not know is that it does not give them the lead way to achieving their goals and objectives (Ramsey, 278). What I would want to keep in mind is that change is everything,